Heart rate variability

Heart rate variability (HRV) is the physiological phenomenon of variation in the time interval between heartbeats and is measured by the variation in the beat-to-beat interval. It is well known that HRV is directly related to the body's interdependent regulatory systems and can be a powerful measure for an athlete's recovery status.

HRV during exercise

It is best practice to measure you heart rate variability on a daily basis e.g. each morning after waking up while still in bed. Unfortunately, that's not what is contained in all that data you upload to Runalyze. Instead, you go out for a run or a ride and measure your heart rate (and its variability) during exercise.

HRV analysis can be done for HRV during exercise as well but values are less reliable and vary alot between different intensities.

Please be cautious while interpreting your values.

HRV in Runalyze

Runalyze offers HRV analysis for all files that contain exact R-R intervals, i.e. the exact times between all heartbeats. This can be the case for *.fit files from Garmin (if respectively configured), *.hrm files from Polar ([1][#polar]) and *.xml, *.sml files from Suunto.

Most devices using an optical sensor for measuring heart rate are not accurate enough (e.g. Mio Alpha, see Bad devices, but there are ways to achieve good accuracy with opical measurements, see Camera HRV.

Time-domain methods

Runalyze uses the following time-domain methods:<br>

avg. R-R interval<br> &nbsp; average R-R interval, directly related to average heart rate<br> RMSSD<br> &nbsp; root mean square of successive differences<br> lnRMSSD<br> &nbsp; natural logarithm of RMSSD<br> SDNN<br> &nbsp; standard deviation of R-R intervals<br> 5 min-SDANN<br> &nbsp; standard deviation of the average R-R intervals calculated over 5 minutes<br> pNN50<br> &nbsp; proportion of successive R-R intervals that differ by more than 50 ms<br> pNN20<br> &nbsp; proportion of successive R-R intervals that differ by more than 20 ms<br>

Especially RMSSD (and its equivalent lnRMSSD) and pNN50 are said to be strong indicators for parasympathetic activity ([3][#hrvlexikon]) and thus large values indicate a better recovery status.

From v2.6 on, RUNALYZE does use only R-R intervals that differ from the preceding or following interval by less than 75 % (as suggested in ediss1118 (2.4.2.1)).

Further readings

A look at a few months of hrv data

Marco Altini, a data scientist and creator of multiple hrv based apps, measured his hrv every morning for a few months and presents the results on his blog.

Heart rate variability explained

Andrew Flatt, who did a lot of research on HRV, explains HRV.

References

1. [Polar - Article about HRV][#polar]
2. Marco Altini: Heart rate variability
3. [HRV Lexikon][#hrvlexikon]
4. Flöter, N.: Eignung der nichtlinearen Herzfrequenzvariabilitätsanalyse zur Darstellung der individuellen anaeroben Schwelle

[#polar]: http://www.polar.com/us-en/support/Heart_Rate_Variability__HRV "Polar about HRV" [#hrvlexikon]: http://www.hrv24.de/HRV-Lexikon.htm "HRV Lexikon"